Environmental Issues – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology Pollution, Solid and Radioactive Wastes: 1. Pollution is an undesirable change’in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, water, land and soil. (i) Pollutants are agents that cause undesirable change in the environment. (ii) The Government of India has passed the Environment Protection Act, 1986…
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Biodiversity and Conservation – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology CBSE Notes Biology Biodiversity: 1. Biodiversity can be defined as the occurrence of different types of genes, gene pools, species, habitats and ecosystem in a given region. (i) The term biodiversity was given by a socio biologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at…
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Ecosystem – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology Ecosystem—Structure and Function,- Productivity and Decomposition: 1. An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. The word ‘Ecosystem’ was coined by Sir AG Tansley (1935). 2. The size of an ecosystem varies greatly from…
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Organisms and Populations- CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology CBSE Notes Biology Organisms and Its Environment: 1. Ecology is the branch of biology, which studies the interactions among organisms and their physical (abiotic) environment. 2. The subject ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organisation. These are given below: (i) Organism Living component…
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Biotechnology and Its Applications- CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture and Medicine: 1. Biotechnology essentially deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals. The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment and energy production. 2. Biotechnology have the following three critical…
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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology CBSE Notes Biology Principles of Biotechnology and Tools of Recombination DNA Technology: 1. Biotechnology can be defined as the use of microorganisms, plants or animal cells or their components to produce products and processes useful to humans. According to the European Federation of…
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Microbes in Human Welfare- CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology Microbes in Household Products, Industrial Products and in Sewage Treatment: 1. Microbes are the major components of biological systems on the earth. They are present everywhere, i.e. in soil, water, air, inside our bodies and those of other animals and plants. They can also be…
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Strategies Enhancement in Food Production – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology CBSE Notes Biology Animal Husbandry: 1. Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. It deals with the care and breeding of livestock like buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, cattle, sheep, goat, etc. It also includes poultry farming and fisheries. More…
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Human Health and Disease – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology Health, Common Diseases in Human and Immunity: 1. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. (i) The factors which affect human health are: (a) Genetic disorders (b) Infections (c) Lifestyle. (ii) Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise…
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Evolution- CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology CBSE Notes Biology The Origin of Life and Evidences of Evolution: 1. The study of history of life forms on earth is called evolutionary biology. 2. Evolution is a process that results in heritable changes in population spread over many generations leading to diversity of organisms on earth.…
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