CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Notes Transportation in Animals and Plants
Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Notes Understanding the Lesson
1. All organisms need food, water and oxygen for survival.
2. In human, circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels.
3. Blood is a fluid which transports various essential substances to the body.
4. Blood has three major cells-Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC) and blood platelets.
5. Blood is red in colour due to the presence of a red pigment,
6. Veins are the vessels that carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.
7. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from heart to all parts of the body.
8. The capillaries join up to form veins which empty in the heart.
9. Heart pumps the blood throughout the body.
10. The human heart beats about 70-80 times per minute in an adult person. This is called heart rate.
11. Stethoscope is an instrument mostly used by doctors to feel the heart beats of a person.
12. Organisms such as sponges and Hydra do not have any circulatory system.
13. The process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of living organisms is called excretion.
14. Excretory system of humans consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and urethra.
15. Fish excrete waste substances such as ammonia which directly dissolve in water.
16. Birds, insects and lizard excrete uric acid in semi-solid form.
17. A group of cells that perform specialised function in an organism is called a
18. Vascular tissue are pipe-like vessels which conducts water and nutrients from the soil to other parts of the plant and distributes food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
19. Xylem is a vascular tissue which helps in the transportation of water and nutrients in the plant.
20. Phloem is a vascular tissue in the plant which transports the produced food to all parts of the plant.
21. The evaporation of water vapour from the small openings on leaves of the plant is called It cools the plant.
22. Transpiration generates a force which pull up water absorbed by root to reach leaves and stem.
Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Notes Important Terms
Ammonia: It is a colourless gas, having a strong pungent odour. It is highly soluble in water and alcohol.
Artery: Artery is the blood vessel which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
Blood: It is a fluid connective tissue having various types of cells such as RBCs, WBCs and platelets. It flows in the blood vessels.
Blood vessels: Blood vessels are long channels which carry blood from one part of the body to the other, g., arteries, veins, capillaries, etc.
Capillaries: Capillaries are very thin blood vessels that form a network between arteries and veins.
Circulatory system: Various organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph throughout the body is called the circulatory system.
Dialysis: Dialysis is the process of removing toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream artificially. It is generally used in the patients with kidney failure.
Excretion: The removal of waste products from the body is called excretion.
Excretory system: The system of an organism’s body that performs the function of excretion is called excretory system. It comprises of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.
Haemoglobin: It is the protein which gives red blood cells their characteristic colour. Its prime function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from body tissues to the lungs.
Heartbeat: The rhythmic contraction and expansion of the heart muscle is called heartbeat.
Kidney: It is either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter the blood to eliminate the nitrogenous wastes from it.
Phloem: Phloem is a vascular tissue in plant which transports the produced food from leaves to all parts of the body.
Plasma: The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
Platelets: Platelets are very small disc-shaped cells present in the blood. They help to clot the blood from a cut or wound.
Pulse: Pulse is the rate at which the heartbeats.
Red blood cells: Red blood cells are disc-shaped, biconcave cell in the blood that contains haemoglobin, lacks a nucleus and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.
Root hair: Plant roots have hair-like structures called root hair. They could be considered as clusters of very fine delicate, thread-like structures.
Stethoscope: It is an instrument used by physicians to feel the actions of the heart.
Sweat: Salty fluid released through small pores on the skin is called sweat. Sweat is secreted by sweat glands.
Tissue: A group of cells, similar in structure, that perform a specified function is called a tissue.
Urea: A nitrogen-containing colourless and crystalline compound produced in the body of mammals as a result of breakdown of proteins is known as urea. It is excreted out from the body through urine.
Ureter: A thin muscular tube that transports urine from kidney the urinary bladder is called ureter.
Urethra: Urethra is a duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals.
Uric acid: It is a white tasteless, odourless crystalline product of protein metabolism. It is the main excretory product in birds reptiles and insects.
Urinary bladder: A membranous sac for temporary retention of urine is called urinary bladder.
Vein: It is a blood vessel that carries blood rich in carbon dioxide from the capillaries towards the heart.
White blood cells: It is colourless cells in the blood that have a nucleus and cytoplasm. They are important part of the body’s defence system.
Xylem: A vascular tissue present in the plants for the transportation of water and nutrients in the plants is called xylem.