NCERT Exemplar Problems Class 7 Science – Weather, Climate & Adaptation of Animals to Climate

Question 1:
The maximum and minimum temperature displayed daily in the weather bulletin refers to the
(a) highest day temperature and lowest night temperature of the day
(b) highest day temperature and highest night temperature of the month
(c) temperature recorded at 12 noon and at mid night (00.00 h)
(d) average highest temperature of day and average lowest temperature of night
Answer:
(a) The highest temperature reached during the day is called the ‘maximum’ temperature and the ‘lowest’ temperature during the night is called the ‘minimum’ temperature.
These temperatures are recorded to prepare weather reports, by using a special thermometer, called Maximum and minimum thermometer.

Question 2:
Out of the given definitions, which is the most appropriate definition of climate?
(a) Changes in weather conditions in a year
(b) Average weather pattern of many years
(c) Change in weather pattern in a few years
(d) Weather conditions during summer
Answer:
(b) The average weather pattern taken over a long time (say 25 years) is called the climate of that place. Temperature, rainfall, altitude and location with respect to the sea are factors which affect climate.

Question 3:
Which of the following briefly describes the desert climate?
(a) Hot and humid
(b) Dry and humid
(c) Hot and dry
(d) Hot and wet
Answer:
(c) In the desert, the temperature of climate is high during most part of the year and receives very little rainfall. This is called the, hot and dry climate, e.g. Western region of India such as Rajasthan.

Question 4:
Paheli went to a wildlife sanctuary, where she saw dense vegetation of trees, shrubs, herbs and also a variety of animals like monkeys, birds, elephants, snakes, frogs, etc. The most likely location of this sanctuary is in the
(a) temperate region
(b) tropical region
(c) polar region
(d) coastal region
Answer:
(b) Since Paheli saw a large variety of plants and animals, the likely location could be tropical region. The highly favourable climatic conditions (continuous warmth and rain) of these regions supports a wide variety of living organisms.

Question 5:
Given below are some adaptive features of animals.
(a) Layer of fat under the skin
(b) long, curved and sharp claws
(c) Slippery body
(d) Thick white fur
Which of them is/are the adaptive features of a polar bear?
(a) Only (i)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(d) Polar bear is a large white bear that lives in North polar regions of the Earth. For living in extremely cold climate, it has many adaptations, such as:
(a) Layer of fat under skin for insulation.
(b) Long curved and sharp claws to walk and run on slippery ice.
(c) Thick white fur. White colour protects it from predators and thick layer keep it warm.
(d) Other features are rounded body, small ears and strong sense of smell.

Question 6:
Which of the following statements is incorrect for penguins?
(a) They huddle together
(b) They cannot swim
(c) They have webbed feet
(d) They have streamlined body
Answer:
(b) Penguins have streamlined body, flipper-like wings and webbed feet which make them good swimmers. This helps in catching their prey (fish).

Question 7:
Read the following environmental conditions of tropical rainforests.
(a) Hot and humid climate
(b) Unequal lengths of day and night
(c) Abundant rainfall
(d) Abundant light and moisture
Identify the conditions from the above list that are responsible for the presence of large number of plants and animals in tropical rainforests.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) The environmental conditions in tropical rainforests are highly suitable for supporting an enormous number and a varfety of plants and animals. The conditions are:
(i) Hot and humid climate because of its location around equator.
(ii)Abundant rainfall, light and moisture.

Question 8:
The coldest region on the earth is t.he
(a) polar region
(b) tropical region
(c) temperate region
(d) coastal region
Answer:
(a) The polar regions of the earth have an extreme cold climate. These regions are covered with snow and are very cold for most part of the year.
The options, i.e. tropical region, has a hot climate, temperate regions do not have extremes of temperature and precipitation and coastal region has mild climate, with hot summers and cool winters.

Question 9:
Choose the odd one from the following options.
(a) Thick layer of fat under the skin t
(b) White fur
(c) Long grasping tail
(d) Wide and large feet with sharp claws
Answer:
(c) Long grasping tail is the odd one. The other options describe the adaptations of polar bear. They have short and compact tail, that helps them to conserve heat.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 10:
A fish dies when taken out of water, whereas a wall lizard will die if kept under water. Mention the term used to describe such abilities that allow fish and lizard to survive in their respective habitats.
Answer:
‘Adaptation’ is the term used to describe such abilities that allows an organism to survive in their respective habitats, e g. fishes have gills that allow them to live in water. While a wall lizard has lungs to perform the same function (i.e. respiration) on land.
Hence, adaptations are specific body features (habits) which enable an organism to live in a particular habitat.

Question 11:
Give one example of an animal that can live both in water and on land.
Answer:
Amphibians are the animals that can live in both water and on land, e.g. frog, that has lungs for breathing on land and uses it’s skin under water for the same purpose.

Question 12:
State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements.
(a) It is easy to predict weather rather than climate.
(b) Since very few prey are available, polar bear does not need to have strong sense of smell.
(c) Penguins stick together to fight the cold polar climate.
(d) Tropical rainforests are cool and humid throughout the year because of heavy rains all the time.
Answer:
(a) False, It is easy to predict climate rather than weather.
(b) False, Since very few prey are available, polar bear needs to have strong sense of smell.
(c) True.
(d) False, Tropical rainforests are hot and humid throughout the year because of heavy rains all the time.

Question 13:
Unscramble the following words using the hints given against them.
(a) MATLICE (Hint: weather pattern in a region over a period of time)
(b) AROPL (Hint: coolest region on earth)
(c) THEHMEOMRET (Hint: used to measure temperature)
(d) UHIDYTMI (Hint: feature of weather)
Answer:
The correct words are as follows:
(a) CLIMATE
(b) POLAR
(c) THERMOMETER
(d) HUMIDITY

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 14:
Match the animals mentioned in Column I with their characteristic features given in Column II.

Answer:
The correct matching is as given
(a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
(a) Red-eyed tree frogs have sticky pads on their feet that allow them to stay balanced and in place.
(b) Penguins have streamlined body that help them in swimming.
(c)Tiger has very sensitive acute hearing so that it can detect potential prey in the bushes and grasses around them.
(d)The lion-tailed macaque has an outstanding characteristic that is its silver-white mane which surrounds the head from the cheeks down to its chin. It frames the face-like lion.

Question 15:
Why is it difficult to predict the weather of a place, while it is easy to predict its climate?
Answer:
Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc. It is a complex phenomenon which can vary over a short period of time and thus, it is difficult to predict the weather of a place.
On the contrary, it is easier to predict climate as it is the average weather pattern taken for a long time.

Question 16:
Name two animals each that live in polar regions and tropical rainforests.
Answer:
Polar regions Polar bear/penguin/reindeer/musk/oxen.
Tropical rainforests Red-eyed frog /elephants/lion-tailed macaque/ lion and tiger. [any two]

Question 17:
Write two common adaptive features of a polar bear which help in keeping it warm.
Answer:
Adaptive features of a polar bear that help in keeping it warm are as follows:
(i) Two thick layers of white fur on its body Prevents the loss of heat.
(ii) Thick layer of fat under its skin Insulates it against heat loss.

Question 18:
Mention two adaptive features of penguin that help it in swimming.
Answer:
Adaptive features of penguin that help it in swimming are as follows:
(i)Streamlined body, reduces drag in water.
(ii)Webbed feet and flipper-like wings.

Question 19:
Differentiate between
(a) Weather and climate
(b) Humidity and rainfall
(c) Climates of polar region and tropical rainforest
(d) Maximum and minimum temperatures of the day
Answer:
(a) Weather is the daily fluctuation in temperature, humidity, etc. While climate is the average weather pattern of a place.
(b) Humidity indicates the wetness of a place due to the presence of moisture in the atmosphere, while rainfall is the drops of water that falls from clouds on the ground.
(c) Polar region remains very cold for most part of the year, whereas tropical rainforest is hot and humid.
(d) Maximum and minimum temperatures of the day indicate highest and lowest recorded temperatures, respectively.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 20:
Fill in the blanks in the paragraph given below.
Weather of a place is the day to day condition of the …(a)… with respect to …(b)… , …(c)…, …(d)…, …(e)… , at that place, while climate is the …(f)… weather pattern taken over many years.
Answer:
(a) atmosphere
(b) temperature
(c) humidity
(d) rainfall
(e) wind speed
(f) average

Question 21:
Given below is a list of climatic conditions and some examples of animals. Read them carefully and place the items in the relevant columns as shown:
Penguin, Gorilla, Monkey, Reindeer, Assam, Greenland, Sun does not rise for six months, Hot and humid climate. Days and nights are almost equal in length throughout the year, Winter temperature around -37°C, Western Ghats

Answer:
The terms in the relevant column can be placed as shown below: